International child abduction international parental kidnapping

International child abduction term is generally synonymous with international parental kidnapping, child abduction and child stealing. However, the legal use more accurate international child abduction originates in private international law and refers to the illegal removal of children from their home by a friend or relative to a foreign country. In this context, "illegal" is usually taken to mean "in violation of the rights of custody" and "home" is defined as the habitual residence of the child. As implied by the "breach of rights of custody," the phenomenon of international child abduction usually involves illegal disposal that creates a jurisdictional conflict of laws by which multiple authorities and jurisdictions could possibly get custody decisions apparently reasonable and conflicting with geographically limited application. Such an outcome often strongly affects children's access and connection to half their family and may causes the loss of their ancient language, culture, name and nationality, which violates the rights of many children, and may child cause severe psychological and emotional trauma and his family left behind.
There is a misconception that because the kidnapper in these cases usually is no stranger to children are not in danger. The harmful consequences for children and families has been demonstrated in several studies and child abduction has been characterized as a form of alienation and child abuse by parents. Adding international dimensions to the harmful effects of abduction significantly increases the harmful effects on children and families. Ease of today international travel and increased international marriage corollary is leading to a rapid increase in the number of international abductions of children.

Aviation Act Aviation law

Aviation Act is the branch of law that flight, air transport and associated legal and business affairs are concerned. Some of your area of ​​interest overlaps the maritime law and, in many cases, laws aviation is considered a matter of international law due to the nature of air travel. However, the commercial aspects of the airlines and their regulation also fall under the law of aviation. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulates applied aspects of flight. At the international level, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) establishes general media standards and international concerns to an extent on aviation law. ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
In the United States and most European nations, aviation law is considered a federal or statewide concern and is regulated at that level. In the US, states can not govern the affairs of aviation in most cases directly but look to federal laws and jurisprudence of this function instead. For example, a court recently overturned New York Passenger Bill of Rights Act because regulation of aviation is traditionally a federal concern. Aviation Act, however, is not in the United States held under the same federal mandate the jurisdiction and maritime law; ie the United States Constitution provides for the administration of admiralty, which does not provide such by the law of aviation. States and municipalities have some indirect regulation on aviation. For example, zoning laws can be applied to require an airport that is located away from residential areas and flights may be limited to certain times of day. State law product liability is not preempted by Federal and in most cases, aviation manufacturers can be held strictly liable for defects in aviation products.
Space law, which governs the affairs in outer space beyond Earth's atmosphere, is a new place field of law, but one that already has its own journals and academic support. As expected, both in space law is connected to the law of aviation.